Ubuntu的sources.list設定

Ubuntu的sources.list設定

#
# Ubuntu APT Sources List (Jaunty, 9.04)
#
# Offered By ajer001 <ajer001@twntwn.info>
#

#以下為國網中心
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty-proposed main universe multiverse restricted
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty-proposed main universe multiverse restricted

#
# Official
#
#deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
#deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
#deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


#
# Wine   在ubuntu中執行原有的Windows程式
# NOTE: wget http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt/Scott%20Ritchie.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
deb http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt jaunty main
deb-src http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt jaunty main


#
# Opera   號稱最快的瀏覽器
# NOTE: wget -O - http://deb.opera.com/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
deb http://deb.opera.com/opera sid non-free


#
# Google
# NOTE: wget https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub -O- | sudo apt-key add -
deb http://dl.google.com/linux/deb/ stable non-free



#
# VirtualBox
# NOTE : wget -q http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian/sun_vbox.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian jaunty non-free


#
# OpenOffice.org
# NOTE : sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 247D1CFF
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/openoffice-pkgs/ubuntu jaunty main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/openoffice-pkgs/ubuntu jaunty main

#
# Skype
#
deb http://download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian/ stable non-free

在Ubuntu中執行原Windows程式

在Ubuntu中執行原Windows程式   Wine
1.安裝wine
aptitude  install  wine
2.安裝Windows擴充函式庫
(1)wget http://www.kegel.com/wine/winetricks
(2)winetricks為shell script，可以使用sh winetricks help了解可以安裝的模組

root@jang-laptop:~# sh winetricks help
Usage: winetricks [options] package [package] ...
This script can help you prepare your system for Windows applications
that mistakenly assume all users' systems have all the needed
redistributable runtime libraries or fonts.
Some options require the Linux 'cabextract' program.

Options:
 -q         quiet.  You must have already agreed to the EULAs.
 -v         verbose
 -V         display Version
Packages:
 art2kmin      MS Access 2000 runtime.  Requires Access 2000 Dev license!
 atmlib        Adobe Type Manager. Needed for Adobe CS4
 cmake         CMake, the cross-platform, open-source build system
 colorprofile  Standard RGB color profile
 comctl32      MS common controls 5.80
 comctl32.ocx  MS comctl32.ocx and mscomctl.ocx, comctl32 wrappers for VB6
 controlpad    MS ActiveX Control Pad
 corefonts     MS Arial, Courier, Times fonts
 cygwin        Unix apps for Windows (needed by some build scripts)
 d3dx9         MS d3dx9_??.dll (from DirectX 9 user redistributable)
 dcom98        MS DCOM (ole32, oleaut32); requires Win98 license!
 dinput8       MS dinput8.dll (from DirectX 9 user redistributable)
 dirac0.8      the obsolete Dirac 0.8 directshow filter
 directplay    MS DirectPlay (from DirectX 9 user redistributable)
 directx9      MS DirectX 9 user redistributable (not recommended! use d3dx9 instead)
 divx          divx video codec
 dotnet11      MS .NET 1.1 (requires Windows license)
 dotnet20      MS .NET 2.0 (requires Windows license)
 dotnet30      MS .NET 3.0 (requires Windows license, does not work yet)
 droid         Droid fonts (on LCD, looks better with fontsmooth-rgb)
 ffdshow       ffdshow video codecs
 flash         Adobe Flash Player ActiveX and firefox plugins
 fm20          MS Forms 2.0 Object Library
 fontfix       Fix bad fonts which cause crash in some apps (e.g. .net).
 fontsmooth-disable    Disables font smoothing
 fontsmooth-gray       Enables grayscale font smoothing
 fontsmooth-rgb        Enables subpixel smoothing for RGB LCDs
 fontsmooth-bgr        Enables subpixel smoothing for BGR LCDs
 gdiplus       MS gdiplus.dll (from powerpoint viewer)
 gecko         The HTML rendering Engine (Mozilla)
 gecko-dbg     The HTML rendering Engine (Mozilla), with debugging symbols
 glsl-disable  Disable GLSL use by Wine Direct3D
 glsl-enable   Enable GLSL use by Wine Direct3D (default)
 hosts         Adds empty C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\{hosts,services} files
 icodecs       Intel Codecs (Indeo)
 jet40         MS Jet 4.0 Service Pack 8
 liberation    Red Hat Liberation fonts (Sans, Serif, Mono)
 mdac25        MS MDAC 2.5: Microsoft ODBC drivers, etc.
 mdac27        MS MDAC 2.7
 mdac28        MS MDAC 2.8
 mfc40         MS mfc40 (Microsoft Foundation Classes from Visual C++ 4)
 mfc42         MS mfc42 (same as vcrun6 below)
 mingw         Minimalist GNU for Windows, including GCC for Windows!
 mingw-gdb     GDB for MinGW
 mono20        mono-2.0.1
 mono22        mono-2.2
 mono24        mono-2.4
 mozillabuild  Mozilla build environment
 msi2          MS Installer 2.0
 mshflxgd      MS Hierarchical Flex Grid Control
 msls31        MS Line Services 3.1 (needed by native riched?)
 msmask        MS Masked Edit Control
 msscript      MS Script Control
 msxml3        MS XML version 3
 msxml4        MS XML version 4
 msxml6        MS XML version 6
 ogg           ogg filters/codecs: flac, theora, speex, vorbis, schroedinger
 ole2          MS 16 bit OLE
 openwatcom    Open Watcom C/C++ compiler (can compile win16 code!)
 pdh           MS pdh.dll (Performance Data Helper)
 physx         NVIDIA/AGEIA PhysX runtime
 psdk2003      MS Platform SDK 2003
 psdkvista     MS Vista SDK (does not install yet)
 psdkwin7      MS Windows 7 SDK (installing just headers and c++ compiler works)
 python26      Python 2.6.2 (and pywin32)
 quicktime72   Apple Quicktime 7.2
 riched20      MS riched20 and riched32
 riched30      MS riched30
 shockwave     Adobe Shockwave Player
 tahoma        MS Tahoma font (not part of corefonts)
 urlmon        MS urlmon.dll
 vb2run        MS Visual Basic 2 runtime
 vb3run        MS Visual Basic 3 runtime
 vb4run        MS Visual Basic 4 runtime
 vb5run        MS Visual Basic 5 runtime
 vb6run        MS Visual Basic 6 runtime
 vc2005sp1     MS Visual C++ 2005 Service Pack 1 (install trial 1st)
 vc2005trial   MS Visual C++ 2005 Trial
 vc2005express MS Visual C++ 2005 Express
 vc2005expresssp1 MS Visual C++ 2005 Express SP1 (does not work yet)
 vcrun6        MS Visual C++ 6 sp4 libraries (mfc42, msvcp60, msvcrt)
 vcrun2003     MS Visual C++ 2003 libraries (mfc71,msvcp71,msvcr71)
 vcrun2005     MS Visual C++ 2005 sp1 libraries (mfc80,msvcp80,msvcr80)
 vcrun2008     MS Visual C++ 2008 libraries (mfc90,msvcp90,msvcr90)
 vjrun20       MS Visual J# 2.0 SE libraries (requires dotnet20)
 wininet       MS wininet.dll (requires Windows license)
 wme9          MS Windows Media Encoder 9 (requires Windows license)
 wmp9          MS Windows Media Player 9 (requires Windows license)
 wmp10         MS Windows Media Player 10 (requires Windows license)
 wenquanyi     WenQuanYi CJK font (on LCD looks better with fontsmooth-rgb)
 wsh56         MS Windows Scripting Host 5.6
 wsh56js       MS Windows scripting 5.6, jscript only, no cscript
 wsh56vb       MS Windows scripting 5.6, vbscript only, no cscript
 xact          MS XACT Engine (x3daudio?_?.dll, xactengine?_?.dll)
 xvid          xvid video codec
Apps:
 autohotkey    Autohotkey (open source gui scripting language)
 firefox       Firefox
 ie6           Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0
 kde           KDE for Windows installer
 mpc           Media Player Classic
 vlc           VLC media player
Pseudopackages:
 allfonts      All listed fonts (corefonts, tahoma, liberation)
 allcodecs     All listed codecs (xvid, ffdshow, icodecs)
 fakeie6       Set registry to claim IE6sp1 is installed
 native_mdac   Override odbc32 and odbccp32
 native_oleaut32 Override oleaut32
 nocrashdialog Disable the graphical crash dialog
 sandbox       Sandbox the wineprefix - remove links to ~
 nt40          Set windows version to nt40
 win98         Set windows version to Windows 98
 win2k         Set windows version to Windows 2000
 winxp         Set windows version to Windows XP
 vista         Set windows version to Windows Vista
 winver=       Set windows version to default (winxp)
 volnum        Rename drive_c to harddiskvolume0 (needed by some installers)

(3)安裝vb6執行環境
sh winetricks vb6run

3.執行Windows應用程式，點選xxx.exe右鍵，以Wine執行。

想要知道資料夾的大小--WinDirStat

想要知道資料夾的大小--WinDirStat

1.到此網址http://windirstat.info/ 下載安裝程式

2.選擇磁碟進行分析，可以圖形化顯示檔案格式。

3.可以知道哪些檔案較大，可以刪除減少磁碟空間。

Ubuntu的桌面應用軟體

Ubuntu的桌面應用軟體

安裝說明
方法一：到此網站http://appnr.com/可以點選連結一鍵安裝。
方法二：使用aptitude或apt-get安裝，套件名稱在括湖內。安裝Skype，執行aptitude install skype。
 

網路與p2p
1.Skype（skype）
2.aMule  (amule)                                                  與eMule相似
3.BitTorrent Download Client(gnome-btdownload)
4.Pidgin(pidgin)                                                    即時通支援多種即時通軟體，如msn、google talk、yahoo等
5.Remote Desktop(vino )                                       VNC的遠端桌面伺服器軟體
6.Remote Desktop viewer(vinagre)                          VNC的遠端桌面用戶端軟體
7.Wireshark(wireshark)                                         網路封包監控軟體
8.gFTP(gftp-gtk)                                                   FTP用戶端軟體
9.Putty(putty)                                                      SSH用戶端軟體


多媒體
1.Media Player(totem、vlc、mplayer)
2.Audio Player(rhythmbox)
3.音樂CD擷取程式(sound-juicer)
4.燒錄程式(k3b)
5.音樂製作程式(audacity)


影像處理
1.Gimp(gimp)                       類似photoshop的軟體
2.F-spot(f-spot)                    相片管理程式
3.Inkscape(inkscape)             向量圖程式               
4.Scribus(scribus)                 排版程式
5.Picasa（picasa）                 相片管理程式
6.Dia（dia）


文書處理
1.Open Office(openoffice)        相當於微軟Office
2.Acrobat Reader(acroread)     pdf閱讀器
3.gedit(gedit)                        文字檔編輯器

開發工具
1.Eclipse(eclipse-platform)      多種程式語言的開發環境
2.DDD(ddd)                           視覺化除錯工具

一般工具
1.壓縮與解壓縮(p7zip-full)
2.Google Desktop(google-desktop-linux)

系統工具
1.Virtual Box(vboxgtk)             虛擬機器
2.Synaptic(synaptic)                軟體更新


              

在Ubuntu中進行螢幕擷取

在Ubuntu中進行螢幕擷取

方法一：使用Gimp
開啟Gimp，
點選  檔案->Create->Screenshot

方法二：使用Print Screen與Gimp
1.Print Screen
2.開啟Gimp
點選  檔案->Create->從剪貼簿

方法三：使用Wink
1.aptitude install wink
2.修改 /usr/bin/wink
#!/bin/sh

LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/lib/wink:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export GTK_IM_MODULE=XIM                 //新增此行
export LANG=en_US.iso88591                 //新增此行
exec /usr/lib/wink/wink "${@}"

3.執行後，無法正常顯示操作介面文字，使用locale -a，查看是否有en_US.iso88591
localedef -c -f ISO-8859-1 -i en_US en_US.ISO-8859-1

-f  指定字集
-i  指定locale的定義檔
-c  強迫產生，忽略錯誤

locale -a  新增en_US.iso88591

Ｕbuntu使用apt更新與安裝套件

 Ｕbuntu使用ＡＰＴ更新與安裝套件

 

一、ＡＰＴ的運作原理

Ubuntu也是屬於Linux的分支，Linux是使用套件方式安裝與更新軟體，Ubuntu也是，安裝的過程中會有軟體相依性的問題，如安裝Ａ之前要先安裝Ｂ，所以安裝Ａ時，Ｂ也需要被下載先安裝才能裝Ａ，為了解決相依性問題，可以使用ＡＰＴ先去分析套件的相依性，APT經由分析套件資料庫，會將Ｂ同時下載並先安裝再安裝Ａ，套件資料庫需要隨時更新，如此才能獲得最新的套件。

 

 

二、ＡＰＴ的設定檔（/etc/apt/sources.list）

提供ＡＰＴ服務伺服器最好下載速度越快越好，世界各地都有鏡射站台，可以測試哪一台下載時間最短，就將設定檔(/etc/apt/sources.list)指向該伺服器。


deb http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty-proposed main universe multiverse restricted
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/ubuntu jaunty-proposed main universe multiverse restricted

ubuntu的軟體分成四部份 main、restricted 、universe、 multiverse。
main為免費軟體與可以自由散佈，且直接由ubuntu社群所維護。
restricted為不是完全免費的軟體或硬體驅動程式，但遇到問題時ubuntu社群將問題回報原開發社群。
universe為免費與開放程式碼軟體，但不一定沒有安全性問題。
multiverse為非免費軟體

 

三、ＡＰＴ的相關檔案與資料夾

/etc/apt/sources.list            設定APT的伺服器位址
/var/cache/apt/archives/     下載的套件暫存資料夾
/var/lib/apt/lists/                  套件資料庫的資料夾

 

四、ＡＰＴ的基本指令
apt-get  update                                        更新套件資料庫
apt-get  upgrade                                      更新整個系統的套件
apt-get  install   package-name              安裝套件
apt-get  remove  package-name            移除套件

aptitude   search   package-name           搜尋套件

Freeraser可將檔案永久摧毀，復原機率很低

徹底將資料刪除的軟體-- Freeraser

檔案的刪除只是將檔案的開啟連結刪除，並未真的將資料給覆寫，所以就算是將資源回收桶的檔案刪除後，還是可以使用救援軟體將其復原回來，使用Freeraser可以徹底將檔案給刪除，提供覆寫1次、覆寫3次與覆寫35次三種破壞程度。
開發網站  http://www.freeraser.com/

(1)介面語系修改
點選「system->language->中文（繁體）」更改成繁體中文。

(1)執行後會在桌面出現以下圖示，只要將檔案拖放入圖示內，檔案資料就會被刪除，刪除前會有警告訊息，點選「繼續」表示要刪除。

(2)刪除模式有三種

fast 模式，填入隨機資料1次

forced 模式，填入隨機資料3次

ultimate模式，填入隨機資料35次

破壞程度ultimate模式高於forced模式，而forced模式高於fast模式，破壞程度越大所花時間越久。

修改刪除模式，點選圖示右鍵「系統->摧毀等級->選擇刪除模式」。